What does deamination refer to in microbial metabolism?

Deamination is a specific biochemical process that involves the removal of an amino group (-NH2) from an organic compound, particularly from amino acids. This process is essential in microbial metabolism because it allows microorganisms to utilize amino acids as a source of energy or to convert them into other compounds that can be utilized in different metabolic pathways.

When microorganisms deaminate amino acids, they produce ammonia (NH3) and a corresponding keto acid, which can further enter metabolic pathways like the Krebs cycle for energy production. This process is vital for nitrogen metabolism and helps maintain nitrogen balance within cells, enabling the utilization of amino acids not just as building blocks for proteins but also as energy sources when necessary.

The other options refer to different metabolic processes that don't encompass the specific action of deamination. Separation of fatty acids relates to lipid metabolism, conversion of carbohydrates pertains to carbohydrate metabolism, and production of gas typically refers to fermentation or respiration processes that produce gaseous by-products.